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What is Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease?

FLUTD stands for Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease and is a term used to describe any group of disorders or diseases that affects the lower urinary tract (bladder or urethra) in cats. The most common disorder of the group is feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). FIC involves inflammation by an unknown cause, but stress is thought to be a significant factor. FLUTD is also associated with the formation of crystals/stones in the urinary tract that can cause numerous and painful ailments for your cat. The two most common types of crystals/stones are struvite and calcium oxalate. FLUTD is serious and requires medical attention. Fortunately, you can help your cat recover with treatment from your veterinarian and the right nutrition.

Why is it important to understand FLUTD?

Inappropriate urination is the number one behavior problem in cats. Many cats are given up to shelters for urinating outside of the litter box. If not properly treated, inappropriate urination can affect the cleanliness/safety of your home and the bond you share with your cat. The good news is that often, this problem is caused by a feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) and it is a treatable medical condition.

What causes urinary tract disease?

FLUTD is a multifactor disease. There is no single cause of feline urinary tract disease. Veterinarians do recognize that there are components that may contribute to the prevalence of the disease. For more detailed information, always contact your veterinarian.
Risk factors include the following:

• Cats more than 1 year of age are most susceptible.
• Overweight cats, lack of exercise.
• History of chronic kidney disease or urinary tract procedures.
• Both male and females cats get the disease with equal frequency, but neutered male cats have a greater risk of life-threatening urethral obstruction from the crystals or stones.

Nutritional Risks: 
You already know that the food you feed your cat is extremely important to her overall health. But feeding the wrong food can contribute to the development of a urinary tract disease (FLUTD). With FLUTD, crystals or stones form within the urinary tract and cause irritation, pain and possibly blockage. In severe cases, this can lead to kidney damage or may even be fatal if not properly treated.

• An abundance of certain minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium --- often found in grocery store brand cat food --- can cause crystals to form in the urine, which sometimes leads to urinary stones.
• Food influences the pH, or acidity, of urine. Urine should be moderately acidic for a healthy urinary tract because it’s harder for struvite crystals to grow in an acidic environment

Home Environment Risks:

• Inside-only cat
• Multiple pet households
• Stress: This could include house guests, conflict with other pets, or a lack of places to rest or hide
• Not drinking enough water can increase the risk of urinary tract disease in cats
• Cats can internalize stress in their urinary tract, which can lead to painful inflammation
• Cats can associate painful urination with the litter box and stop using it

Warning Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Tract Disease

If your cat exhibits any of the warning signs of FLUTD, contact your veterinarian immediately. Especially if your cat is not urinating freely, a urinary blockage may be the cause and this condition may be life threatening. Consult your veterinarian immediately.

Signs of feline bladder health problems

• Urinating outside of the litter box (Inappropriate urination)
• Straining when urinating
• Loss of bladder control
• Increased frequency of urination, usually passing small amounts of urine
• Pink, dark or bloody urine
• Crying out in pain/vocalizing during attempts to urinate
• Licking the genital area
• Reduced appetite
• Lack of energy or interest in normal activities