Can dogs get warts?
Dogs warts, not dissimilar to those seen in people, are relatively common in young dogs. However, most of the bumps that we think of as "warts" on the skin of older dogs are technically not warts at all. Nevertheless, they're commonly referred to as "warts" by veterinarians and pet parents alike. Here are more details about wart-like bumps as well as true dog warts.
What Is a Wart? (& Can Dogs Get Warts?)
A true wart is a virus-induced proliferation of superficial skin cells technically referred to as a viral papilloma. As with human warts, warts grow when a virus gets into the cells of the skin and change how the skin tissue grows, resulting in an unsightly bump.
Dog warts sometimes fall into the category better known as "wart-like," which means they're not virus-related but still look every bit like a wart. These bumps are exceedingly common in older dogs. They are proliferative skin masses that can grow anywhere on the skin and are typically no larger than the size of a pea. They are usually hairless and firm, but sometimes they exude waxy debris or even bleed.
What Causes a Dog Wart?
True dog warts occur in conjunction with papillomavirus infections, they are typically found in young dogs and most commonly in the mouth or around the face or genitals. Dogs are often infected after directly or indirectly coming in contact with other dogs in their community. To distinguish these bumps from other wart-like masses, veteterinarians refer to them as viral papillomas.
The cause of most wart-like masses seen in dogs is less clear, but the vast majority are considered sebaceous gland growths. Excessive division occurs in cells of the sebaceous glands of the skin and this leads to growth in a wart-like pattern. Thankfully, these growths are almost always benign.
A variety of wart-like, sebaceous gland growths are seen in dogs. Nodular sebaceous hyperplasia is the most common. They are typically round or cauliflower-shaped and may or may not ooze or bleed. These growths are seen most often in breeds such as Cocker spaniels, Miniature poodles, Miniature schnauzers and Beagles but can occur in any dog. Other forms of sebaceous gland growths include what are technically considered tumors another word for cancer. These include the sebaceous epithelioma, sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous carcinoma. This latter category is a malignant cancer, which is rare as it only occurs in about 2% of sebaceous tumors.
Dogs of all ages can get true warts or wart-like masses, but the rule of thumb is that young dogs get viral papillomas while old dogs get wart-like masses that are classified as either nodular sebaceous hyperplasia or sebaceous tumors.
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Are Warts Harmful to Dogs?
Warts are generally considered a minor concern in dogs. While young dogs with viral papillomas may not enjoy having strange proliferative tissue in their mouths or having to forgo the dog park so that they don't transmit their warts to others, the warts are not considered painful. Some extreme cases, however, may include oral discomfort from an excess of proliferative tissue that may lead to rubbing or superficial erosion.
Similarly, older dogs with wart-like growths tend to experience no discomfort, even when these areas bleed. Some extreme cases may lead to uncomfortable skin infections and rarely to cancer. Otherwise, these growths are largely considered a cosmetic concern. Even when cancer becomes a concern, most patients will respond well to surgical removal. These tumors do not tend to spread to other tissues of the body. Your veterinarian can give you advice about your pet's bump and guide you on the best treatment.
Canine viral papillomas (true dog warts) are considered highly transmissible among young dogs; older dogs are more resistant to infection. But, you don't have to worry that your dog will give you a wart. Neither humans nor other animals are ever at risk — this virus is very specific to dogs. Moreover, sebaceous gland wart-like masses are specific to the individual animal alone; they are never contagious or transmissible.
How Are Dog Warts Treated?
Canine viral papillomas require no specific treatment. They will regress on their own in a few weeks to months. Since they're considered a significant nuisance by many dog parents, many treatments have been tried — most to no avail. Antiviral drugs and surgery may do more harm than good. However, consultation with your veterinarian is recommended and they can remove it or, if necessary, they will refer you to a board-certified dermatologist or veterinary surgeon for removal.
Since they are largely considered a cosmetic problem, wart-like growths in older dogs may not need treatment, but exceptions are often made, especially if the growth is growing quickly. Further, if they should bleed, become infected, become a nuisance for groomers or interfere with bodily functions, pet parents often elect to have them removed. Removing a wart or wart-like mass is only helpful if it serves the dog's overall quality of life, and you should seek out the advice of your veterinarian to ensure that removal is the best option. That said, should the wart be considered a significant cancer threat, removal with full microscopic examination analysis is strongly recommended. Thankfully, removal is a fairly simple procedure in most cases.
Unfortunately, dog warts can only be prevented in the case of viral papillomas. Even so, preventing papillomavirus infection is only feasible by limiting a dog's interaction with other dogs, which may not be advisable. No vaccine is currently available.
For older dogs at risk of sebaceous growths, no means of prevention has been definitively identified. Keeping dogs' skin and coat consistently clean is nonetheless considered helpful for those deemed predisposed and have your veterinarian regularly examine any new lumps or bumps that may arise.
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